# MotorVehicleTitleBonds.com

> Certificate of title surety bonds (bonded title bonds, lost title bonds, defective title bonds, vehicle indemnity bonds, vehicle ownership bonds) for every U.S. state that bonds vehicle titles. Operated by Surety One, Inc., a commercial surety managing general agency founded in 1995 and the exclusive western-hemisphere MGA of Janus Assurance Re. Premium $20 per $1,000 of bond amount ($100 minimum) plus an $85 administrative fee, paid once for the full statutory term. Bonds under $25,000 issue same day online; bonds of $25,000 and greater are reviewed by an underwriter. Contact: Underwriting@SuretyOne.com, (800) 373-2804.

## Key facts
- 35 U.S. jurisdictions issue bonded titles; 16 do not (they use a court order, affidavit or publication process).
- Bond amount = vehicle value × state multiplier (1.0×, 1.5× or 2.0×), rounded up to the next $1,000, subject to state minimums. Alabama uses a fixed schedule by vehicle class and age.
- Term: 3 years in most states; 4 in Georgia; 5 in Connecticut and Wisconsin; 7 on Utah's bond form.

## Machine-readable data
- [Bonded title rules by state, JSON (CC BY 4.0)](https://motorvehicletitlebonds.com/data/title-bond-states.json): multiplier, minimum, threshold, term, statute, form and agency for all 51 jurisdictions

## Guides
- [How bonded titles work](https://motorvehicletitlebonds.com/how-bonded-titles-work/)
- [Bought a Car Without a Title: What to Do Now](https://motorvehicletitlebonds.com/bought-a-car-without-a-title/): You paid for a vehicle and have no title. Here is how a bonded title works, which states allow it, what the DMV wants first, and what to do in the states that do not.
- [Lost the Title Before It Was Transferred](https://motorvehicletitlebonds.com/lost-title-before-transfer/): The seller signed the title over and you lost it before the DMV saw it. Why a duplicate will not work, how a lost title bond fixes it, and the states where it applies.
- [Inherited or Gifted Vehicle Without a Title](https://motorvehicletitlebonds.com/inherited-or-gifted-vehicle-without-title/): A car came to you from a relative or as a gift and nobody can find the title. When the estate route works, when a bonded title is the answer, and the states that exclude gifts.
- [Out-of-State Vehicle Without a Title](https://motorvehicletitlebonds.com/out-of-state-vehicle-without-title/): The vehicle was last titled in another state and you have no title. Which state's rules apply, residency requirements, and how a bonded title from one state becomes a clean title in another.
- [Boat and Vessel Title Bonds](https://motorvehicletitlebonds.com/boat-title-bond/): Which states issue bonded titles for boats, vessels and outboard motors, which exclude them, the forms involved, and how the bond is sized for a watercraft.
- [Trailer and Camper Title Bonds](https://motorvehicletitlebonds.com/trailer-title-bond/): When a trailer needs a bonded title, the weight thresholds that exempt light trailers, Texas's fixed trailer values, and how to bond a travel trailer or camper without a title.
- [Mobile Home and Manufactured Home Title Bonds](https://motorvehicletitlebonds.com/mobile-home-title-bond/): Which states bond manufactured and mobile home titles, the affixed-versus-unaffixed rule, assessor valuations, and the states that handle homes on separate forms or exclude them.
- [Motorcycle, ATV and UTV Title Bonds](https://motorvehicletitlebonds.com/motorcycle-title-bond/): How to get a bonded title for a motorcycle, dirt bike, ATV, UTV or snowmobile without a title, which states title off-road vehicles, and Alabama's fixed motorcycle schedule.
- [Classic, Antique and Barn Find Title Bonds](https://motorvehicletitlebonds.com/classic-car-title-bond/): Bonded titles for antique, classic and barn-find vehicles: the states that exempt old vehicles from titling or bonding, the ones that bond only old vehicles, and how appraisals set the amount.
- [Bonded Title States: The Complete List](https://motorvehicletitlebonds.com/bonded-title-states/): The complete list of states that issue bonded titles, each state's multiplier, minimum and term, and the 16 jurisdictions that use a court order or affidavit instead.
- [Bonded Title, Court Order or Affidavit: How the States Differ](https://motorvehicletitlebonds.com/bonded-title-vs-court-order/): The three ways states resolve a vehicle without a title: surety bond, court order, and ownership affidavit. Time, cost, risk and which states use each.
- [Bond amount and cost by state](https://motorvehicletitlebonds.com/bonded-title-cost/)
- [Bill of sale template](https://motorvehicletitlebonds.com/bill-of-sale/)
- [Glossary](https://motorvehicletitlebonds.com/glossary/)
- [About](https://motorvehicletitlebonds.com/about/)

## States that issue bonded titles
- [Alabama](https://motorvehicletitlebonds.com/alabama-title-bond/): fixed schedule, minimum $5,000; 3-year term; Ala. Code § 32-8-36; Certificate of Title Surety Bond
- [Alaska](https://motorvehicletitlebonds.com/alaska-title-bond/): 1.5× vehicle value; 3-year term; Alaska Stat. § 28.10.216; Vehicle Title Surety Bond
- [Arizona](https://motorvehicletitlebonds.com/arizona-title-bond/): 1.5× vehicle value; 3-year term; A.R.S. § 28-2057; Bonded Title
- [Arkansas](https://motorvehicletitlebonds.com/arkansas-title-bond/): 1.5× vehicle value; 3-year term; Ark. Code Ann. § 27-14-409; Bonded Title
- [California](https://motorvehicletitlebonds.com/california-title-bond/): 1.0× vehicle value; 3-year term; Cal. Veh. Code §§ 4157, 4158; Motor Vehicle Ownership Surety Bond
- [Colorado](https://motorvehicletitlebonds.com/colorado-title-bond/): 2.0× vehicle value; 3-year term; C.R.S. § 42-6-115(3); Title Established by Surety Bond
- [Connecticut](https://motorvehicletitlebonds.com/connecticut-title-bond/): 2.0× vehicle value; 5-year term; Conn. Gen. Stat. § 14-176; Surety Bond, Certificate of Title (H-113)
- [Florida](https://motorvehicletitlebonds.com/florida-title-bond/): 2.0× vehicle value; 3-year term; Fla. Stat. § 319.23(7); Title Surety Bond
- [Georgia](https://motorvehicletitlebonds.com/georgia-title-bond/): 2.0× vehicle value, minimum $5,000; 4-year term; O.C.G.A. § 40-3-28; Bonded Vehicle Title
- [Idaho](https://motorvehicletitlebonds.com/idaho-title-bond/): 1.5× vehicle value; 3-year term; Idaho Code § 49-523; Bonded Title
- [Illinois](https://motorvehicletitlebonds.com/illinois-title-bond/): 1.5× vehicle value; 3-year term; 625 ILCS 5/3-109; Title Obtained by Bond
- [Iowa](https://motorvehicletitlebonds.com/iowa-title-bond/): 1.5× vehicle value; 3-year term; Iowa Code § 321.24(11); Bonded Certificate of Title
- [Maine](https://motorvehicletitlebonds.com/maine-title-bond/): 1.5× vehicle value; 3-year term; 29-A M.R.S. § 659; Title Surety Bond
- [Maryland](https://motorvehicletitlebonds.com/maryland-title-bond/): 1.5× vehicle value; 3-year term; Md. Code, Transportation § 13-109(a); Issuance of Title Bond
- [Massachusetts](https://motorvehicletitlebonds.com/massachusetts-title-bond/): 1.5× vehicle value; 3-year term; M.G.L. c. 90D, § 12; Certificate of Title Bond
- [Michigan](https://motorvehicletitlebonds.com/michigan-title-bond/): 2.0× vehicle value; 3-year term; MCL 257.217(1)(d); Vehicle Uniform Surety Bond
- [Minnesota](https://motorvehicletitlebonds.com/minnesota-title-bond/): 1.5× vehicle value; 3-year term; Minn. Stat. § 168A.07, subds. 1, 1a and 1b; Bonded Certificate of Title
- [Mississippi](https://motorvehicletitlebonds.com/mississippi-title-bond/): 1.5× vehicle value; 3-year term; Miss. Code Ann. § 63-21-23; Certificate of Title Bond
- [Missouri](https://motorvehicletitlebonds.com/missouri-title-bond/): 2.0× vehicle value, minimum $100; 3-year term; RSMo § 301.192 (as amended by S.B. 262, 2021); Bonded Vehicle
- [Montana](https://motorvehicletitlebonds.com/montana-title-bond/): 1.0× vehicle value; 3-year term; Mont. Code Ann. § 61-3-208; Bonded Title
- [Nebraska](https://motorvehicletitlebonds.com/nebraska-title-bond/): 1.5× vehicle value; 3-year term; Neb. Rev. Stat. § 60-167; Bonded Certificate of Title
- [Nevada](https://motorvehicletitlebonds.com/nevada-title-bond/): 1.5× vehicle value; 3-year term; NRS 482.2605; Bonded Vehicle Title
- [New Hampshire](https://motorvehicletitlebonds.com/new-hampshire-title-bond/): 1.5× vehicle value; 3-year term; RSA 261:10; Title Surety Bond
- [New Mexico](https://motorvehicletitlebonds.com/new-mexico-title-bond/): 2.0× vehicle value; 3-year term; NMSA 1978, § 66-3-24(C); Defective Title Bond
- [New York](https://motorvehicletitlebonds.com/new-york-title-bond/): 1.5× vehicle value; 3-year term; N.Y. Veh. & Traf. Law § 2105(d); Bond under VTL 2105(d)
- [North Carolina](https://motorvehicletitlebonds.com/north-carolina-title-bond/): 1.5× vehicle value, minimum $100; 3-year term; N.C. Gen. Stat. § 20-76; Indemnity Bond
- [Rhode Island](https://motorvehicletitlebonds.com/rhode-island-title-bond/): 1.5× vehicle value; 3-year term; R.I. Gen. Laws § 31-3.1-9; Title Bond
- [South Dakota](https://motorvehicletitlebonds.com/south-dakota-title-bond/): 1.5× vehicle value; 3-year term; SDCL § 32-3-64.1; Bonded Title
- [Tennessee](https://motorvehicletitlebonds.com/tennessee-title-bond/): 1.5× vehicle value; 3-year term; Tenn. Code Ann. § 55-3-103(b); Surety Bond Title
- [Texas](https://motorvehicletitlebonds.com/texas-title-bond/): 1.5× vehicle value; 3-year term; Tex. Transp. Code § 501.053; Bonded Title
- [Utah](https://motorvehicletitlebonds.com/utah-title-bond/): 2.0× vehicle value; 7-year term; Utah Admin. Code R873-22M-2(10); Insufficient Evidence of Ownership Bond
- [Vermont](https://motorvehicletitlebonds.com/vermont-title-bond/): 1.5× vehicle value; 3-year term; 23 V.S.A. § 2020; Bonded Title
- [Washington](https://motorvehicletitlebonds.com/washington-title-bond/): 1.5× vehicle value; 3-year term; RCW 46.12.680; Ownership in Doubt
- [Wisconsin](https://motorvehicletitlebonds.com/wisconsin-title-bond/): 1.5× vehicle value, minimum $2,500; 5-year term; Wis. Stat. § 342.12(3)(b); Surety Bonded Title
- [Wyoming](https://motorvehicletitlebonds.com/wyoming-title-bond/): 2.0× vehicle value; 3-year term; Wyo. Stat. § 31-2-105; Bonded Title

## States without a bonded title
- [Delaware](https://motorvehicletitlebonds.com/delaware-title-bond/): no bonded title; administrative or court route; 21 Del. C. ch. 23 (no bond-in-lieu-of-ownership provision)
- [District of Columbia](https://motorvehicletitlebonds.com/district-of-columbia-title-bond/): no bonded title; administrative or court route; No bonded title provision in D.C. Code Title 50 or DC DMV rules
- [Hawaii](https://motorvehicletitlebonds.com/hawaii-title-bond/): no bonded title; administrative or court route; No bonded title provision in HRS ch. 286
- [Indiana](https://motorvehicletitlebonds.com/indiana-title-bond/): no bonded title; administrative or court route; No bond provision in Ind. Code 9-17-2
- [Kansas](https://motorvehicletitlebonds.com/kansas-title-bond/): no bonded title; Ownership Affidavit (TR-90); K.S.A. 8-135 and 8-142 (no bond-in-lieu-of-ownership provision)
- [Kentucky](https://motorvehicletitlebonds.com/kentucky-title-bond/): no bonded title; Court-ordered title; No bonded title statute in KRS ch. 186A
- [Louisiana](https://motorvehicletitlebonds.com/louisiana-title-bond/): no bonded title; Judgment of ownership; La. R.S. 32:707 (no bond provision)
- [New Jersey](https://motorvehicletitlebonds.com/new-jersey-title-bond/): no bonded title; Improper Evidence of Ownership Procedure; N.J.S.A. 39:10-11 (no bond provision)
- [North Dakota](https://motorvehicletitlebonds.com/north-dakota-title-bond/): no bonded title; Untitled Vehicle Process; N.D.C.C. § 39-05-20(1)
- [Ohio](https://motorvehicletitlebonds.com/ohio-title-bond/): no bonded title; Court-ordered title; Ohio Rev. Code § 4505.10(A) (court-ordered title)
- [Oklahoma](https://motorvehicletitlebonds.com/oklahoma-title-bond/): no bonded title; Ownership affidavit; 47 O.S. § 1105(V) (ownership affidavit)
- [Oregon](https://motorvehicletitlebonds.com/oregon-title-bond/): no bonded title; Certification of Ownership Facts; ORS 803.205 (proof of ownership
- [Pennsylvania](https://motorvehicletitlebonds.com/pennsylvania-title-bond/): no bonded title; Court-ordered title; 75 Pa.C.S. §§ 1104-1105 (no bond-in-lieu-of-title provision)
- [South Carolina](https://motorvehicletitlebonds.com/south-carolina-title-bond/): no bonded title; Affidavit of Ownership; S.C. Code Title 56, Ch. 19 contains no bond-in-lieu-of-ownership provision
- [Virginia](https://motorvehicletitlebonds.com/virginia-title-bond/): no bonded title; Application in Lieu of Title Certificate; Va. Code §§ 46.2-632 and 46.2-621.1
- [West Virginia](https://motorvehicletitlebonds.com/west-virginia-title-bond/): no bonded title; administrative or court route; W. Va. Code § 17A-3-12 (title issues when the commissioner is satisfied as to ownership)

## Versión en español
- [Inicio en español](https://motorvehicletitlebonds.com/es/)
- [Cómo funciona el título afianzado](https://motorvehicletitlebonds.com/es/como-funciona-el-titulo-afianzado/)
- [Costo de la fianza de título](https://motorvehicletitlebonds.com/es/costo-de-la-fianza-de-titulo/)
- [Glosario](https://motorvehicletitlebonds.com/es/glosario/)
- [Alabama](https://motorvehicletitlebonds.com/es/fianza-de-titulo-alabama/)
- [Alaska](https://motorvehicletitlebonds.com/es/fianza-de-titulo-alaska/)
- [Arizona](https://motorvehicletitlebonds.com/es/fianza-de-titulo-arizona/)
- [Arkansas](https://motorvehicletitlebonds.com/es/fianza-de-titulo-arkansas/)
- [California](https://motorvehicletitlebonds.com/es/fianza-de-titulo-california/)
- [Colorado](https://motorvehicletitlebonds.com/es/fianza-de-titulo-colorado/)
- [Connecticut](https://motorvehicletitlebonds.com/es/fianza-de-titulo-connecticut/)
- [Delaware](https://motorvehicletitlebonds.com/es/fianza-de-titulo-delaware/)
- [Distrito de Columbia](https://motorvehicletitlebonds.com/es/fianza-de-titulo-distrito-de-columbia/)
- [Florida](https://motorvehicletitlebonds.com/es/fianza-de-titulo-florida/)
- [Georgia](https://motorvehicletitlebonds.com/es/fianza-de-titulo-georgia/)
- [Hawái](https://motorvehicletitlebonds.com/es/fianza-de-titulo-haw-i/)
- [Idaho](https://motorvehicletitlebonds.com/es/fianza-de-titulo-idaho/)
- [Illinois](https://motorvehicletitlebonds.com/es/fianza-de-titulo-illinois/)
- [Indiana](https://motorvehicletitlebonds.com/es/fianza-de-titulo-indiana/)
- [Iowa](https://motorvehicletitlebonds.com/es/fianza-de-titulo-iowa/)
- [Kansas](https://motorvehicletitlebonds.com/es/fianza-de-titulo-kansas/)
- [Kentucky](https://motorvehicletitlebonds.com/es/fianza-de-titulo-kentucky/)
- [Luisiana](https://motorvehicletitlebonds.com/es/fianza-de-titulo-luisiana/)
- [Maine](https://motorvehicletitlebonds.com/es/fianza-de-titulo-maine/)
- [Maryland](https://motorvehicletitlebonds.com/es/fianza-de-titulo-maryland/)
- [Massachusetts](https://motorvehicletitlebonds.com/es/fianza-de-titulo-massachusetts/)
- [Míchigan](https://motorvehicletitlebonds.com/es/fianza-de-titulo-m-chigan/)
- [Minnesota](https://motorvehicletitlebonds.com/es/fianza-de-titulo-minnesota/)
- [Misisipi](https://motorvehicletitlebonds.com/es/fianza-de-titulo-misisipi/)
- [Misuri](https://motorvehicletitlebonds.com/es/fianza-de-titulo-misuri/)
- [Montana](https://motorvehicletitlebonds.com/es/fianza-de-titulo-montana/)
- [Nebraska](https://motorvehicletitlebonds.com/es/fianza-de-titulo-nebraska/)
- [Nevada](https://motorvehicletitlebonds.com/es/fianza-de-titulo-nevada/)
- [Nuevo Hampshire](https://motorvehicletitlebonds.com/es/fianza-de-titulo-nuevo-hampshire/)
- [Nueva Jersey](https://motorvehicletitlebonds.com/es/fianza-de-titulo-nueva-jersey/)
- [Nuevo México](https://motorvehicletitlebonds.com/es/fianza-de-titulo-nuevo-m-xico/)
- [Nueva York](https://motorvehicletitlebonds.com/es/fianza-de-titulo-nueva-york/)
- [Carolina del Norte](https://motorvehicletitlebonds.com/es/fianza-de-titulo-carolina-del-norte/)
- [Dakota del Norte](https://motorvehicletitlebonds.com/es/fianza-de-titulo-dakota-del-norte/)
- [Ohio](https://motorvehicletitlebonds.com/es/fianza-de-titulo-ohio/)
- [Oklahoma](https://motorvehicletitlebonds.com/es/fianza-de-titulo-oklahoma/)
- [Oregón](https://motorvehicletitlebonds.com/es/fianza-de-titulo-oreg-n/)
- [Pensilvania](https://motorvehicletitlebonds.com/es/fianza-de-titulo-pensilvania/)
- [Rhode Island](https://motorvehicletitlebonds.com/es/fianza-de-titulo-rhode-island/)
- [Carolina del Sur](https://motorvehicletitlebonds.com/es/fianza-de-titulo-carolina-del-sur/)
- [Dakota del Sur](https://motorvehicletitlebonds.com/es/fianza-de-titulo-dakota-del-sur/)
- [Tennessee](https://motorvehicletitlebonds.com/es/fianza-de-titulo-tennessee/)
- [Texas](https://motorvehicletitlebonds.com/es/fianza-de-titulo-texas/)
- [Utah](https://motorvehicletitlebonds.com/es/fianza-de-titulo-utah/)
- [Vermont](https://motorvehicletitlebonds.com/es/fianza-de-titulo-vermont/)
- [Virginia](https://motorvehicletitlebonds.com/es/fianza-de-titulo-virginia/)
- [Washington](https://motorvehicletitlebonds.com/es/fianza-de-titulo-washington/)
- [Virginia Occidental](https://motorvehicletitlebonds.com/es/fianza-de-titulo-virginia-occidental/)
- [Wisconsin](https://motorvehicletitlebonds.com/es/fianza-de-titulo-wisconsin/)
- [Wyoming](https://motorvehicletitlebonds.com/es/fianza-de-titulo-wyoming/)

## Full state details

### Alabama (AL)
URL: https://motorvehicletitlebonds.com/alabama-title-bond/
- available: True
- minimum: 5000
- maximum: 100000
- value_source: No vehicle valuation. ALDOR sets fixed uniform bond amounts by vehicle class and model-year age under Ala. Admin. Code r. 810-5-75-.34; the applicant requests the amount through the ALDOR Surety Bond Portal (MVT 10-1A) and ALDOR issues the pre-filled MVT 10-1 bond form.
- term: 3 years from execution of the bond; the title carries the legend THIS TITLE WAS SECURED UNDER THREE-YEAR SURETY BOND. The bond is released after 3 years, or earlier if the vehicle is no longer registered in Alabama and the title is surrendered, unless an action is pending.
- statute: Ala. Code § 32-8-36; Ala. Admin. Code r. 810-5-75-.34
- form: MVT 10-1A Application for Title Surety Bond (electronic, via the Surety Bond Portal); MVT 10-1 Certificate of Title Surety Bond
- agency: Alabama Department of Revenue, Motor Vehicle Division
- agency_url: https://www.revenue.alabama.gov/faq-categories/surety-bond/
- steps: Alabama does not value the vehicle. The bond amount comes from a fixed schedule: passenger vehicles and pickups $50,000 (fewer than 5 model years), $25,000 (5 to 9 model years) or $10,000 (10 or more); trucks, buses and RVs $100,000, $50,000 or $25,000 on the same age bands; motorcycles and trailers $25,000, $10,000 or $5,000; manufactured homes $50,000 (fewer than 10 model years) or $25,000 (10 or more); salvage vehicles 25% of the schedule (under 10 years) or 20% (10 or more). You must apply for the title through a designated agent within 90 days of the bond's execution. The bond must be issued by an Alabama-licensed surety with the power of attorney attached, and the printed MVT 10-1 cannot be altered. Proof of ownership (bill of sale or registration) is required. Motor vehicles more than 35 model years old and trailers more than 20 model years old are exempt from titling, so no bond applies to them. Covers motor vehicles, manufactured homes and vessels.
- names: Certificate of Title Surety Bond; Title Surety Bond
- notes: Alabama is no longer a 1.5x state. Act 2010-579 replaced the value multiplier with department-prescribed uniform amounts.
- confidence: high

### Alaska (AK)
URL: https://motorvehicletitlebonds.com/alaska-title-bond/
- available: True
- multiplier: 1.5
- value_source: A bona fide appraisal of fair market retail value on DMV Form 825 by a licensed dealer, insurance appraiser or bank. The appraiser must physically inspect the vehicle in Alaska, the appraisal can be no older than 90 days, and a KBB, NADA or similar valuation printout must be attached (except for RVs and trailers). The appraiser cannot be the applicant or the seller.
- term: 3 years, non-cancelable; released at 3 years or earlier if the vehicle is no longer registered in Alaska and the title is surrendered, extended 45 days past a final decision if an action on the bond is pending.
- statute: Alaska Stat. § 28.10.216; 2 AAC 92.010(b)
- form: Form 824 No Proof or Inadequate Proof of Ownership packet (Vehicle Title Surety Bond, 3 Year Non-Cancelable, and Affidavit of Ownership); Form 825 Vehicle Appraisal Form for Surety Bond; Form 811 Vehicle Inspection; Form 870 Manufactured Home Surety Bond
- agency: Alaska Division of Motor Vehicles
- agency_url: https://dmv.alaska.gov/vehicle-services/no-proof-of-ownership-surety-bond/
- steps: The vehicle must be physically in Alaska and inspected by a DMV representative or peace officer (Form 811), and must be complete, operational and street legal. Applies to all vehicles and trailers over 500 lbs. Not available for abandoned vehicles, tow, storage or mechanic lien vehicles, or foreign vehicles without customs documents. ATVs and snowmachines are not titled. Manufactured homes use Form 870 on the same 1.5x, 3-year basis. Appraisal rules were tightened effective May 7, 2025 (Form 825 is now mandatory).
- names: Vehicle Title Surety Bond; No Proof of Ownership (Surety Bond)
- confidence: high

### Arizona (AZ)
URL: https://motorvehicletitlebonds.com/arizona-title-bond/
- available: True
- multiplier: 1.5
- value_source: MVD determines the value. Form 40-1001 states the bond equals the vehicle's average value times 1.5, and MVD staff verify the vehicle through AAMVA and NMVTIS and set the bond amount.
- term: 3 years; released at 3 years or earlier if the vehicle is no longer registered in Arizona and the title is surrendered, unless an action on the bond is pending.
- statute: A.R.S. § 28-2057
- form: Form 40-1001 Bonded Title Application (Vehicle); Form 40-1003 Bonded Title Application (Mobile Home)
- agency: Arizona Department of Transportation, Motor Vehicle Division
- agency_url: https://azdot.gov/mvd/services/vehicle-services/title-and-registration/bonded-title
- steps: Five steps: (1) a Level I inspection by a certified inspector at an MVD office, Authorized Third Party or law enforcement agency (a higher-level inspection if the VIN is altered or missing); (2) the applicant's affidavit stating why no title is available (purchase or gift without title, improperly assigned title, homebuilt without receipts, other); (3) owner and lienholder notification through a Motor Vehicle Record request; an unresolved lien or an unanswered out-of-state lienholder stops the process and becomes a judicial matter; (4) purchase of the surety bond naming the applicant, VIN, year and make; (5) submission for title. An emissions test may apply. Covers vehicles, trailers and mobile homes. The applicant acknowledges that the vehicle may be awarded to a prior owner or lienholder.
- names: Bonded Title
- confidence: high

### Arkansas (AR)
URL: https://motorvehicletitlebonds.com/arkansas-title-bond/
- available: True
- multiplier: 1.5
- value_source: Value as determined by the Commissioner. The Office of Motor Vehicle's Bonded Title unit sets the bond amount in its Letter of Approval after reviewing the Statement of Fact application.
- term: 3 years, irrevocable; released after 3 years unless an action on the bond is pending.
- statute: Ark. Code Ann. § 27-14-409; Ark. DFA Regulation 1993-3 (Bonded Title Regulation)
- form: Form 10-345 Issuance of Bonded Title (Statement of Fact), mailed to OMV Bonded Titles, P.O. Box 1272, Little Rock, AR 72203; the bond form is issued by OMV with the Letter of Approval
- agency: Arkansas Department of Finance and Administration, Office of Motor Vehicle
- agency_url: https://dfa.arkansas.gov/wp-content/uploads/IssanceOfBondedTitle.pdf
- steps: Submit the Statement of Fact with a bill of sale and a VIN verification by Arkansas law enforcement or the State Police. OMV checks its records and issues a Letter of Approval (typically 10 to 25 business days) stating the bond amount. The bond must be filed and the title and registration applied for within 30 days of the bond's effective date; late applications are not accepted. The vehicle must be in the applicant's possession or legal control. Excluded: junked or branded titles, storage or mechanic's lien vehicles, stolen vehicles and vehicles in ownership litigation. Covers motor vehicles, mobile homes and ATVs (separate regulation).
- names: Bonded Title
- confidence: high

### California (CA)
URL: https://motorvehicletitlebonds.com/california-title-bond/
- available: True
- multiplier: 1.0
- value_threshold: 5000
- value_source: Fair market value shown by (a) a written appraisal from a licensed dealer, motor vehicle insurance representative or yacht/ship broker, or (b) a REG 256 Statement of Facts using a recognized valuation guide such as Kelley Blue Book, averaging the highest and lowest listed prices.
- term: 3 years; released at the end of three years or earlier if the vehicle is no longer registered in California and the certificate of ownership is surrendered (Veh. Code § 4158).
- statute: Cal. Veh. Code §§ 4157, 4158; 13 CCR § 152.00
- form: REG 5057 Motor Vehicle Ownership Surety Bond; REG 256 Statement of Facts; REG 5058 Undocumented Vessel Surety Bond
- agency: California Department of Motor Vehicles
- agency_url: https://dmv.ca.gov/portal/handbook/vehicle-industry-registration-procedures-manual-2/bonds-and-certifications/motor-vehicle-ownership-surety-bond/
- steps: A bond is required only when ownership evidence is unavailable and the vehicle's value is $5,000 or more (vessels $2,000 or more), when the vehicle is nontransferable, or when a lienholder release cannot be obtained. Below those values a REG 256 Statement of Facts documenting a diligent effort to obtain the title is enough. The surety's signature must be notarized, and the surety must be admitted in California. Vessels may be covered by REG 5057 with a rider.
- names: Motor Vehicle Ownership Surety Bond; Vehicle Ownership Bond; Title Bond
- notes: The penal sum equals the fair market value (1.0x).
- confidence: high

### Colorado (CO)
URL: https://motorvehicletitlebonds.com/colorado-title-bond/
- available: True
- multiplier: 2.0
- value_source: An appraisal reflecting current condition from a Colorado-licensed dealer on letterhead (signed, dated, with the dealer license number, and over $350), or a current Kelley Blue Book or NADA value with a DR 2444 Statement of Fact. Where both retail and wholesale appear, the greater applies. Manufactured homes use the county assessor's actual value. The Director fixes the bond amount at not less than twice the reasonable value.
- term: Not fixed by statute or rule; the Title and Registration Manual describes it as a one-time bond. Sureties customarily write the Colorado bond for three years.
- statute: C.R.S. § 42-6-115(3); 1 CCR 204-10 Rule 19 (Bonding for Colorado Certificate of Title)
- form: DR 2922 Title or Salvage Title Established by Surety Bond (procedure); DR 2394 Bond Statement Guide; DR 2704 Certified VIN Inspection; DR 2489A Record Search; DR 2444 Statement of Fact
- agency: Colorado Department of Revenue, Division of Motor Vehicles
- agency_url: https://sites.google.com/state.co.us/co-title-registration-manual/bonds
- steps: A certified VIN inspection by a P.O.S.T.-certified inspector (DR 2704) with the vehicle physically in Colorado, under one year old; a Colorado record search (DR 2489A) under one year old, plus a national title and lien search if there is no Colorado record; certified or registered mail notice to every owner and lienholder of record with proof of mailing; lien releases on letterhead, or a bond for the greater of the lien amount or twice the appraised value; odometer disclosure where applicable. Exempt from bonding: vehicles 25 or more years old with a VIN inspection and a bill of sale within 24 months (DR 2462); trailers of 2,000 lbs or less (DR 2908); certain off-highway vehicles; manufactured homes 25 or more years old (DR 2463). No DBA names on the bond. The title issues in the principal's name exactly as it appears on the bond. Not available for vehicles abandoned without an agreement with the owner of record.
- names: Title Established by Surety Bond; Certificate of Title Surety Bond
- confidence: high

### Connecticut (CT)
URL: https://motorvehicletitlebonds.com/connecticut-title-bond/
- available: True
- multiplier: 2.0
- value_source: The value of the vehicle as determined by the Commissioner of Motor Vehicles.
- term: 5 years; released at the end of 5 years, or earlier if the vehicle is no longer registered in Connecticut and the title is surrendered, unless an action on the bond is pending.
- statute: Conn. Gen. Stat. § 14-176
- form: Form H-113 Surety Bond, Certificate of Title
- agency: Connecticut Department of Motor Vehicles
- agency_url: https://portal.ct.gov/-/media/dmv/20/29/h113pdf.pdf
- steps: Principal and surety signatures must be witnessed and the surety's power of attorney attached. Connecticut does not title vehicles older than 20 model years (Conn. Gen. Stat. § 14-166), so bonding is relevant only to vehicles 20 model years or newer. The DMV publishes no step-by-step bonded title page; files are handled case by case through the DMV title unit, and the Commissioner may instead withhold the title until ownership is documented.
- names: Surety Bond, Certificate of Title (H-113)
- notes: Statute and form exist; practical availability is at DMV discretion.
- confidence: medium-high

### Delaware (DE)
URL: https://motorvehicletitlebonds.com/delaware-title-bond/
- available: False
- statute: 21 Del. C. ch. 23 (no bond-in-lieu-of-ownership provision); § 2306; § 2314 (appeal to Superior Court)
- agency: Delaware Division of Motor Vehicles
- agency_url: https://dmv.de.gov/VehicleServices/titles/
- steps: No bonded title process. The DMV requires a manufacturer's certificate of origin or a properly assigned title; a duplicate title issues only to the owner of record or through a notarized power of attorney. A refused applicant's remedy is an appeal to Superior Court under 21 Del. C. § 2314, or a court order.
- confidence: medium-high

### District of Columbia (DC)
URL: https://motorvehicletitlebonds.com/district-of-columbia-title-bond/
- available: False
- statute: No bonded title provision in D.C. Code Title 50 or DC DMV rules
- agency: District of Columbia Department of Motor Vehicles
- agency_url: https://dmv.dc.gov/service/dmv-vehicle-titles
- steps: DC DMV requires a current title or manufacturer's certificate of origin; a duplicate title issues only to the owner of record or through a vehicle power of attorney. No surety bond or bonded title option is published. Applicants without a title must obtain one from the issuing jurisdiction or a court order.
- confidence: medium

### Florida (FL)
URL: https://motorvehicletitlebonds.com/florida-title-bond/
- available: True
- multiplier: 2.0
- value_source: Twice the value of the vehicle as determined by the department. Procedure TL-70 uses the Kelley Blue Book private party value for the applicant's residential ZIP code, mileage, options, color and a condition of at least Good, with a screenshot attached; trade-in values, other ZIP codes or lower conditions are rejected.
- term: 3 years; the bond expires on the third anniversary of its effective date (§ 319.23(7)(c)) and the bonded title brand is removed 3 years after the title issue date.
- statute: Fla. Stat. § 319.23(7); FLHSMV Procedure TL-70 (Bonded Titles)
- form: HSMV 82033 Title Surety Bond for a Motor Vehicle; HSMV 82026 Affidavit to Accompany Application for Bonded Title; HSMV 82040 Application for Certificate of Title; HSMV 82042 VIN and Odometer Verification
- agency: Florida Department of Highway Safety and Motor Vehicles, Division of Motorist Services
- agency_url: https://www.flhsmv.gov/pdf/proc/tl/tl-70.pdf
- steps: Under TL-70, bonded titles are limited to private sales for money between the buyer and the owner-seller. Eligible: automobiles, trucks under 8,000 lbs net weight and motorcycles. Not eligible: vessels, mobile homes, RVs, off-highway vehicles, trucks of 8,000 lbs or more, electronic titles, out-of-state titles, non-Florida NMVTIS records, and transfers by gift, inheritance, divorce or trade. The vehicle must have a current Florida paper title with no liens, and no lien may be placed on a bonded title. The current procedure limits eligibility to model year 2010 or older vehicles that are not more than 29 years old as of January 1. The applicant must be a Florida resident or Florida-based business. The county tax collector scans the package to FLHSMV for pre-approval (within 5 business days) before fees are collected. A bill of sale cannot replace the KBB value. An out-of-state surety is acceptable if licensed in Florida.
- names: Title Surety Bond; Bonded Title
- notes: Re-verify the model-year eligibility window with FLHSMV; it is quoted from TL-70 rev. 04/25.
- confidence: high

### Georgia (GA)
URL: https://motorvehicletitlebonds.com/georgia-title-bond/
- available: True
- multiplier: 2.0
- minimum: 5000
- value_source: Twice the fair market value established by the Georgia Department of Revenue under O.C.G.A. § 48-5C-1 (the Motor Vehicle Assessment Manual). Where no DOR value exists (commercial vehicles, trailers), twice the taxable value set by the county Board of Tax Assessors on signed letterhead. The county tag office or MVD provides the amount. Never less than $5,000.
- term: 4 years from the date of issuance; the bond expires at the end of 4 years unless a breach has been notified. The title must be applied for within 6 months of the bond's issue date.
- statute: O.C.G.A. § 40-3-28; Ga. Comp. R. & Regs. r. 560-10-13-.04
- form: MV-46 Motor Vehicle Certificate of Title Bond; MV-46A Affidavit Supporting Certificate of Title Bond Application (notarized); T-22B Certification of Inspection; MV-1 Title/Tag Application
- agency: Georgia Department of Revenue, Motor Vehicle Division (apply at the county tag office)
- agency_url: https://dor.georgia.gov/bonded-vehicle-title
- steps: The owner must be a Georgia legal resident and the vehicle must require a Georgia title; model year 1985 or older vehicles are not titled and not eligible, nor are abandoned vehicles. The vehicle must be free of liens (a lien in the title history is a denial unless a T-4 release is produced). An NMVTIS report is required, plus a certified out-of-state title history if the vehicle was last titled elsewhere, and a law enforcement T-22B inspection. The bond must come from a Georgia-licensed surety in the owner's legal name, signed by the owner and the agent, witnessed, with the power of attorney attached. Apply in person at the county tag office within 6 months of the bond date. The title legend reads Surety Bond. Covers motor vehicles and mobile homes.
- names: Bonded Vehicle Title; Certificate of Title Bond; Motor Vehicle Certificate of Title Bond
- confidence: high

### Hawaii (HI)
URL: https://motorvehicletitlebonds.com/hawaii-title-bond/
- available: False
- statute: No bonded title provision in HRS ch. 286; SB 2079 (2026) would create one but is not enacted
- agency: County Directors of Finance (for example, the City and County of Honolulu Department of Customer Services, Motor Vehicle Registration)
- agency_url: https://www.honolulu.gov/csd/vehicle-title-information/
- steps: The counties issue duplicate titles only to registered owners and no surety bond or bonded title process exists. Applicants without a title must obtain the prior owner's signature or pursue a court remedy. A 2026 bill (SB 2079) proposing a two-times-retail-value, three-year temporary bonded title has not been enacted.
- confidence: high

### Idaho (ID)
URL: https://motorvehicletitlebonds.com/idaho-title-bond/
- available: True
- multiplier: 1.5
- value_source: An appraisal of current retail value (not trade or wholesale) by an Idaho-licensed dealer on ITD 3404 Vehicle Appraisal and VIN Inspection, citing the NADA or KBB source, or by an ITD motor vehicle investigator.
- term: 3 years; the title is branded Bonded Title with an expiration 3 years from the bond date. Released at 3 years or earlier if the vehicle is no longer registered in Idaho and the title is surrendered, unless a claim is pending. After expiration the owner surrenders the bonded title and pays the title fee for a clean title.
- statute: Idaho Code § 49-523; IDAPA 39.02.05.301
- form: ITD 3909 Vehicle Ownership Bond; ITD 3404 Vehicle Appraisal and VIN Inspection; ITD 3410 Indemnifying Affidavit
- agency: Idaho Transportation Department, Division of Motor Vehicles (apply at the county DMV office)
- agency_url: https://itd.idaho.gov/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/Bonded-Title-Application-Instr_DMV.pdf
- steps: ITD must first confirm that bonding is required. The bonded title process is for vehicles less than 10 years old; vehicles 10 model years or older may instead be titled on a verified statement of applicant without a bond. Requirements: physical inspection and 17-character VIN verification by a licensed Idaho dealer or ITD investigator; certified mail notice of intent to title to all owners and lienholders of record, with receipts or returned mail; motor vehicle record printouts from Idaho and the prior state; released liens. The title must be applied for within 90 days of bond issuance or a 3-year rider is required. A cash deposit is accepted in lieu of a bond. Sales or use tax is paid before issuance. The indemnifying affidavit also covers vessels, ATVs, UTVs, snowmobiles, campers and NEVs that have never been titled.
- names: Bonded Title; Vehicle Ownership Bond
- confidence: high

### Illinois (IL)
URL: https://motorvehicletitlebonds.com/illinois-title-bond/
- available: True
- multiplier: 1.5
- value_source: 1.5 times the current wholesale value, established by a sworn appraisal from a disinterested licensed dealer (new or used vehicle, motorcycle, mobile home or trailer dealer; a licensed rebuilder for salvage) or by a used-vehicle price guide with the cover and page copies attached (92 Ill. Adm. Code 1010.190).
- term: 3 years from filing; released earlier on request if the vehicle is no longer registered in Illinois and the title is surrendered, unless an action on the bond is pending.
- statute: 625 ILCS 5/3-109; 92 Ill. Adm. Code § 1010.190
- form: Secretary of State bond for title (executed with an Illinois-authorized surety) submitted with VSD 190 Application for Vehicle Transaction(s), the sworn appraisal and the Vehicle Use Tax return
- agency: Illinois Secretary of State, Vehicle Services Department
- agency_url: https://www.ilsos.gov/departments/vehicles/title_and_registration/home.html
- steps: The appraisal must list the year, make, model and VIN, the value, a statement that the vehicle is intact with all major components, a sworn accuracy statement, and the appraiser's signature, firm, address, dealer license number and date. Proof of the right to acquire title (bill of sale, receipt or canceled check) or a sworn statement of acquisition is required, and any lien of record needs a lienholder release. A bond cannot be used to clean a salvage or junking certificate, or for abandoned, mechanic's lien or repossessed vehicles. Covers vehicles, mobile and manufactured homes, trailers and motorcycles.
- names: Title Obtained by Bond; Bond for Title
- notes: Illinois bases the 1.5x on wholesale value, not retail.
- confidence: medium-high

### Indiana (IN)
URL: https://motorvehicletitlebonds.com/indiana-title-bond/
- available: False
- statute: No bond provision in Ind. Code 9-17-2; remedy is a court order, or the Affidavit of Ownership process for vehicles valued at $5,000 or less
- form: Court Order Title Application Packet (State Form 205); Affidavit of Ownership packet (SF 23037)
- agency: Indiana Bureau of Motor Vehicles
- agency_url: https://secure.in.gov/bmv/titles/special-titling-circumstances
- steps: A private purchaser without a title must obtain an Indiana court order directing the BMV to issue a title, followed by a physical inspection by law enforcement or the BMV, sales tax and the title fee. Vehicles, watercraft and manufactured homes valued at $5,000 or less (NADA) may use the Affidavit of Ownership process without a court order. No surety bond option exists.
- confidence: high

### Iowa (IA)
URL: https://motorvehicletitlebonds.com/iowa-title-bond/
- available: True
- multiplier: 1.5
- value_threshold: 1000
- value_source: The Iowa DOT Office of Vehicle and Motor Carrier Services determines the current value after reviewing the application and prints the value and bond amount on the bond paper it sends to the applicant.
- term: 3 years; released at the end of 3 years, or earlier if the vehicle is no longer registered in Iowa and the title is surrendered, unless an action on the bond is pending.
- statute: Iowa Code § 321.24(11); Iowa Admin. Code 761—400.13(321)
- form: Application for Registration and Bonded Certificate of Title (online); the bond paper is issued by Iowa DOT after approval and completed with the surety
- agency: Iowa Department of Transportation, Motor Vehicle Division
- agency_url: https://iowadot.gov/mvd/vehicleregistration/Bonded-certificate-of-title
- steps: Submit the online application with proof of ownership (bill of sale, canceled check, old title or junking certificate) and photos of the front and side, the public VIN plate and the federal safety label. DOT searches its records; the owner of record is notified by first-class mail with 10 days to claim or waive, and lienholders are sent a certified letter. If the record is held by another state, the application is returned. A vehicle valued at $1,000 or less and 12 model years or older needs no bond. The title must be applied for within 30 days of DOT authorization. Junked vehicles cannot be bonded unless 25 years or older or the junking certificate issued in error.
- names: Bonded Certificate of Title; Bonded Title
- confidence: high

### Kansas (KS)
URL: https://motorvehicletitlebonds.com/kansas-title-bond/
- available: False
- statute: K.S.A. 8-135 and 8-142 (no bond-in-lieu-of-ownership provision); KDOR Form TR-90 Ownership Affidavit; quiet title action under K.S.A. 60-1002
- form: TR-90 Ownership Affidavit for Vehicle, Trailer, Antique or Motor (Rev. 07/24); MVE-1 Motor Vehicle Examination (Kansas Highway Patrol); TR-12 Affidavit to a Fact / Bill of Sale
- agency: Kansas Department of Revenue, Division of Vehicles
- agency_url: https://www.ksrevenue.gov/dovforms.html
- steps: Kansas accepts no surety bond in place of proof of ownership; its answer is the TR-90 Ownership Affidavit, under which the applicant personally swears to ownership and indemnifies any subsequent purchaser for loss if someone proves a superior claim. The TR-90 is limited to specific classes: mobile homes, all-terrain vehicles, boat trailers, trailers of 2,000 lbs or less, micro utility trucks and work-site utility vehicles that have never been titled or registered in any state; antique passenger vehicles, trucks, motorcycles and military vehicles (35 model years or older), with the purchase details and possession dates stated; and motors, with the seller's bill of sale attached. Antique vehicles 60 years old or newer that rely on the TR-90 or a bill of sale must first obtain an MVE-1 Motor Vehicle Examination from the Kansas Highway Patrol, attached to the application at the county treasurer's motor vehicle office. A false statement on the TR-90 is penalized under K.S.A. 8-142. For an ordinary titled passenger vehicle whose seller cannot be located, the Division of Vehicles directs the buyer to consult an attorney and obtain a court order through a quiet title action naming the Department of Revenue (and the Highway Patrol if the vehicle is not Kansas-registered), followed by a Highway Patrol VIN inspection and county treasurer titling. Duplicate titles issue only to the owner of record.
- names: Ownership Affidavit (TR-90); Quiet title (court order)
- notes: Some sources describe the TR-90 route as a Kansas bonded title. It is an affidavit with the applicant's own indemnity, not a surety bond, and no bond amount, multiplier or surety appears on the form or the KDOR forms list.
- confidence: high

### Kentucky (KY)
URL: https://motorvehicletitlebonds.com/kentucky-title-bond/
- available: False
- statute: No bonded title statute in KRS ch. 186A; alternatives are a court order or the KRS 186A.190(6) sheriff-inspection and affidavit route
- form: TC 96-182 Application for Kentucky Certificate of Title or Registration (with court order)
- agency: Kentucky Transportation Cabinet, Division of Motor Vehicle Licensing (through the county clerks)
- agency_url: https://drive.ky.gov/Vehicles/Pages/Vehicle-Titling.aspx
- steps: The Transportation Cabinet's titling page lists court orders and affidavits for specific scenarios (incomplete transfer, repossession, tow and storage, mechanic's and self-storage liens, police impound, estates) but no surety bond. A judge-signed order with the VIN directing title issuance, plus a sheriff's inspection, is the route for a buyer without a title.
- names: Court-ordered title
- confidence: high

### Louisiana (LA)
URL: https://motorvehicletitlebonds.com/louisiana-title-bond/
- available: False
- statute: La. R.S. 32:707 (no bond provision); R.S. 32:707(L) and (M); La. C.C.P. art. 4912 and R.S. 32:735(B) (Justice of the Peace ownership orders)
- form: DPSMV 1799 Vehicle Application (with court judgment or affidavit); DPSMV 1824 Justice of the Peace Request for Review Prior to Judgment; Affidavit of Physical Inspection
- agency: Louisiana Office of Motor Vehicles (OMV)
- agency_url: https://public.powerdms.com/ladpsc/documents/368769
- steps: No statutory or OMV-policy bonded title program. The routes are (1) a Justice of the Peace court order (OMV Policy 3.00) for lien-free vehicles with a J.D. Power retail value under $5,000, with a physical inspection by a P.O.S.T.-certified officer and an adversarial proceeding against the owner of record; (2) a district or parish court judgment of ownership for higher-value vehicles; (3) the R.S. 32:707(M) good-faith possession route for vehicles 25 or more years old whose registration has lapsed for 3 years, with a one-year wait; and (4) the R.S. 32:707(L) antique, classic or vintage route where no ownership record exists. Duplicate titles issue only to the owner of record.
- names: Judgment of ownership; Justice of the Peace court order
- notes: Several sureties advertise a Louisiana lost title bond, but R.S. 32:707 contains no bond provision and OMV policy does not reference one.
- confidence: medium

### Maine (ME)
URL: https://motorvehicletitlebonds.com/maine-title-bond/
- available: True
- multiplier: 1.5
- value_source: The value of the vehicle as determined by the Secretary of State (Bureau of Motor Vehicles); the statute names no guide, so the BMV fixes the figure.
- term: 3 years; released earlier if the vehicle is no longer registered in Maine and the title is surrendered; not released while an action on the bond is pending.
- statute: 29-A M.R.S. § 659
- form: MVT-18 State of Maine Motor Vehicle Title Surety Bond
- agency: Maine Secretary of State, Bureau of Motor Vehicles, Title Section
- agency_url: https://www.maine.gov/sos/bmv/
- steps: The applicant executes MVT-18 with a surety authorized in Maine (a countersignature is required if the surety is not a Maine company). The bond lists the year, make and VIN and indemnifies prior owners, lienholders, subsequent purchasers and security-interest holders, including attorney fees, with the surety's liability capped at the penal sum. It is filed with the title application and terminates early if the applicant later fully complies with § 654. Vehicles more than 25 model years old are exempt from titling under § 652(13), so no bond applies to them. Section 655 offers a bond-free qualified title route at BMV discretion.
- names: Title Surety Bond; Motor Vehicle Title Surety Bond
- confidence: high

### Maryland (MD)
URL: https://motorvehicletitlebonds.com/maryland-title-bond/
- available: True
- multiplier: 1.5
- value_source: The value of the vehicle as determined by the Motor Vehicle Administration, which supplies the figure to the applicant.
- term: 3 years; released earlier if the vehicle is no longer registered in Maryland and the title is surrendered; not released if the MVA has notice of a pending action on the bond.
- statute: Md. Code, Transportation § 13-109(a)
- form: Surety's Maryland Issuance of Title Bond filed with VR-005 Application for Certificate of Title and VR-197 odometer disclosure
- agency: Maryland Motor Vehicle Administration (MDOT MVA), Vehicle Services, Glen Burnie
- agency_url: https://mva.maryland.gov/title-registration/title-vehicle/private-party-purchase
- steps: Under § 13-109 the MVA may register the vehicle and either withhold the title until proof is furnished or require a bond of 1.5 times the value. In practice the applicant confirms with an MVA branch that a bond is required and obtains the MVA's value, has a Maryland Safety Inspection Certificate issued within 90 days, and files the VR-005, proof of ownership (bill of sale or canceled check), proof of purchase price, odometer statement, lien information and the executed bond with the power of attorney. Light trailers of 2,500 lbs GVW or less may be registered without a title.
- names: Issuance of Title Bond; Certificate of Title Bond
- notes: Confirm current MVA procedure; no MVA bonded title page or MVA bond form number was located.
- confidence: medium

### Massachusetts (MA)
URL: https://motorvehicletitlebonds.com/massachusetts-title-bond/
- available: True
- multiplier: 1.5
- value_source: The value of the vehicle as determined by the Registrar of Motor Vehicles.
- term: 3 years; released earlier if the vehicle is no longer registered in Massachusetts and the title is surrendered; not released while an action on the bond is pending.
- statute: M.G.L. c. 90D, § 12
- form: Bond in the form prescribed by the Registrar (surety's Massachusetts Motor Vehicle Certificate of Title Bond); RMV-1 title application; Proof of Visual Inspection (VIN) form; notarized affidavit
- agency: Massachusetts Registry of Motor Vehicles (RMV), Title Division
- agency_url: https://www.mass.gov/how-to/apply-for-a-certificate-of-title
- steps: The Registrar may register and withhold the title, or require a bond; the statute also allows a cash deposit with the Registrar instead of a surety bond. The package is a notarized affidavit of the vehicle's history, a VIN inspection by state or local police on the Proof of Visual Inspection form, the RMV-1 title application and the bond, mailed to the Title Division. Massachusetts does not title older model-year vehicles (commonly stated as model year 1980 and older), so bonded titles apply to titled model years only.
- names: Certificate of Title Bond
- notes: Model-year exemption and document checklist are not confirmed from an official page.
- confidence: medium-high

### Michigan (MI)
URL: https://motorvehicletitlebonds.com/michigan-title-bond/
- available: True
- multiplier: 2.0
- value_source: Form TR-121 requires a bond equal to twice the value of the subject of the bond; the Secretary of State branch accepts the value (appraisal or price guide). Use tax is 6% of half the bond amount or the purchase price, whichever is higher.
- term: 3 years from issuance; ends sooner if the item is no longer titled or registered in Michigan and the title or registration is surrendered; remains in effect if the Secretary of State has notice of a pending action.
- statute: MCL 257.217(1)(d); MCL 324.80307 (watercraft); MCL 324.82105 (snowmobiles)
- form: TR-121 Vehicle Uniform Surety Bond; TR-205 Self-Certification of Vehicle Ownership (required with every bond); TR-54 Vehicle Number and On-Road Equipment Inspection (if no Michigan record)
- agency: Michigan Department of State (Secretary of State), branch offices
- agency_url: https://www.michigan.gov/sos
- steps: The bond covers vehicles, trailer coaches, titled trailers, ORVs, mopeds, watercraft and snowmobiles. The surety must be licensed by Michigan LARA and a nonresident agent needs a resident countersignature. The effective date can be no later than the application date and proof of the surety's authorization must be attached. TR-205 is mandatory, and a TR-54 VIN or HIN inspection by Michigan law enforcement is required if there is no Michigan record. Submit at a Secretary of State branch with proof of Michigan no-fault insurance for vehicles; use tax is collected at titling. No age or value exclusions appear on the form.
- names: Vehicle Uniform Surety Bond; Bonded Title
- confidence: high

### Minnesota (MN)
URL: https://motorvehicletitlebonds.com/minnesota-title-bond/
- available: True
- multiplier: 1.5
- value_source: The value of the vehicle as determined by Driver and Vehicle Services (DVS), which tells the applicant the amount after reviewing the application.
- term: 3 years; released earlier if the vehicle is no longer registered in Minnesota and the title is surrendered; release requires no pending action and ownership resolved to DVS's satisfaction. The BONDED brand is removed after 3 years with no claims.
- statute: Minn. Stat. § 168A.07, subds. 1, 1a and 1b
- form: PS2000 Application to Title and Register a Motor Vehicle; PS2002 Statement of Facts; PS2026 Due Diligence Affidavit; surety bond in the DVS-prescribed form (cash deposit alternative)
- agency: Minnesota Department of Public Safety, Driver and Vehicle Services
- agency_url: https://dps.mn.gov/divisions/dvs/vehicle/vehicle-titles/no-proof-ownership-vehicle-title-application
- steps: Used when no title exists, the applicant lacks the current title, or a lien release or required signatures cannot be obtained. The bonded title route under subd. 1a is for vehicles whose model year is more than 5 years before the application year, where the owner, prior owner or lienholder cannot be found after due diligence; it requires an affidavit (make, model year, VIN, possession and the due-diligence statement) plus the bond, taxes and fees. DVS checks NMVTIS and the required documents depend on whether a record exists. The title is branded BONDED. Manufactured homes follow a separate process.
- names: Bonded Certificate of Title; BONDED brand
- confidence: high

### Mississippi (MS)
URL: https://motorvehicletitlebonds.com/mississippi-title-bond/
- available: True
- multiplier: 1.5
- value_source: The value as determined by the Department of Revenue.
- term: 3 years from the effective date; no liability accrues after 3 years; released unless the DOR is notified of a pending action, an ownership claim or an undisclosed lien.
- statute: Miss. Code Ann. § 63-21-23
- form: Form 78-016 Certificate of Title Bond, Mississippi DOR Motor Vehicle Services
- agency: Mississippi Department of Revenue, Motor Vehicle Services (Title Bureau), Jackson
- agency_url: https://www.dor.ms.gov/
- steps: The bond must be filed with the DOR within 30 days of its effective date or it is rejected. It is signed by the principal, the agent and the surety's attorney-in-fact; a cash deposit is allowed by statute. Covers motor vehicles, manufactured homes and mobile homes, and the applicant or a dealer may be the principal. The package also carries a DPS VIN inspection (Form 78-022), a bill of sale and a title application; no open liens.
- names: Certificate of Title Bond; Bonded Title
- confidence: high

### Missouri (MO)
URL: https://motorvehicletitlebonds.com/missouri-title-bond/
- available: True
- multiplier: 2.0
- minimum: 100
- maximum: 6000
- value_cap: 3000
- value_source: Kelley Blue Book, the NADA Used Car Guide, or two appraisals from a licensed motor vehicle dealer (statute).
- term: 3 years; released unless the DOR has been notified of a pending action on the bond.
- statute: RSMo § 301.192 (as amended by S.B. 262, 2021)
- form: Form 108 Application for Missouri Title and License; Form 551 Vehicle Examination Certificate (Missouri State Highway Patrol); surety bond; affidavit of acquisition; notarized lien releases
- agency: Missouri Department of Revenue, Motor Vehicle Bureau
- agency_url: https://dor.mo.gov/motor-vehicle/titling-registration/
- steps: Eligibility is limited to motor vehicles or trailers 7 years old or older with a value not exceeding $3,000, where DOR records show no prior ownership application or incomplete or conflicting documentation. The package requires an affidavit explaining the acquisition and why the title cannot be produced, all ownership evidence, prior-state title verification if known, a notarized lien release from each lienholder of record, a Form 551 vehicle examination, an odometer statement if under 20 years old, and the bond. The DOR may issue the title no sooner than 30 days after a complete application; the title is branded BONDED VEHICLE.
- names: Bonded Vehicle; BONDED VEHICLE title
- notes: Because of the $3,000 value cap the maximum bond is effectively $6,000.
- confidence: high

### Montana (MT)
URL: https://motorvehicletitlebonds.com/montana-title-bond/
- available: True
- multiplier: 1.0
- value_threshold: 1000
- value_source: The applicant determines the value from the national appraisal guide (NADA) as of January 1 of the application year, with a copy of the guide page attached; if there is no guide listing, the applicant's own knowledge and belief on the MV100 Statement of Fact, reviewed by the Vehicle Services Bureau.
- term: 3 years from issuance of the certificate of title, or earlier when the valid title is surrendered because the vehicle no longer requires a Montana title; not released if a recovery action is pending.
- statute: Mont. Code Ann. § 61-3-208
- form: MV10 Break/Bond Title Application; MV20 Stage 1 Vehicle Identification Number Inspection; MV100 Statement of Fact
- agency: Montana Department of Justice, Motor Vehicle Division, Vehicle Services Bureau (through the county treasurers)
- agency_url: https://mvdmt.gov/vehicle-title-information/
- steps: No bond is required for a motor vehicle, trailer, semitrailer or pole trailer that is 30 years old or older or has a value of $1,000 or less. Otherwise the bond equals the NADA value. The applicant files a notarized MV10 affidavit describing the acquisition and disclosing liens, an MV20 VIN inspection by law enforcement, and proof of ownership (notarized bill of sale, canceled check or invoice). The title issues marked BONDED TITLE with the bond expiration date; after expiry the owner surrenders it for a clean title. Vehicles sold without a manufacturer's certificate of origin require a bond equal to the full retail price plus an equipment inspection. Campers, OHVs, motorboats, PWC, sailboats and snowmobiles need no bond.
- names: Bonded Title; BONDED TITLE; Break/Bond Title Application
- notes: Montana is a 1.0x state.
- confidence: high

### Nebraska (NE)
URL: https://motorvehicletitlebonds.com/nebraska-title-bond/
- available: True
- multiplier: 1.5
- value_source: The value as determined by the Nebraska DMV using reasonable appraisal methods.
- term: 3 years from the bond date; the holder may apply for release after 3 years if no claim has been made; the DMV may release earlier if the current title is surrendered.
- statute: Neb. Rev. Stat. § 60-167; § 60-146; 248 Neb. Admin. Code ch. 4 § 007
- form: Application for Bonded Certificate of Title for a Vehicle; Certificate of Title Surety Bond (Vehicle); Bond Release form
- agency: Nebraska Department of Motor Vehicles, Driver and Vehicle Records Division, Lincoln
- agency_url: https://dmv.nebraska.gov/
- steps: A Nebraska record search and prior-state search come first; if a titled owner or lienholder exists, certified letters with return receipt demanding a duplicate or assignment or a lien release, with a 30-day response window. A sheriff's Vehicle Inspection Certificate (valid 90 days), a photo of the vehicle, the original acquisition documents or an affidavit, an assigned ID number if a VIN plate is required, and the $50 application and title fee complete the package. The bond must be issued within 30 days before title issuance and the whole application filed within 30 days of the bond date; the bond needs a Nebraska resident agent signature. The title carries an UNDISCLOSED INTEREST notice with the bond number. A separate form exists for motorboats.
- names: Bonded Certificate of Title; Certificate of Title Surety Bond
- confidence: high

### Nevada (NV)
URL: https://motorvehicletitlebonds.com/nevada-title-bond/
- available: True
- multiplier: 1.5
- value_source: The value as determined by the DMV. Title Research runs the history search and sets the exact bond amount: 150% of MSRP for a standard vehicle and 25% of MSRP for a salvage vehicle. Do not buy a bond before the DMV states the amount.
- term: 3 years from filing, even if the vehicle is sold; released unless the DMV has notice of a pending action; the Bonded brand is removed after 3 years with no claims.
- statute: NRS 482.2605; NRS 487.820
- form: VP 271 Affidavit for Bonded Vehicle Title; VP 272 Vehicle Bond Affidavit
- agency: Nevada Department of Motor Vehicles, Title Research Section, Carson City
- agency_url: https://dmv.nv.gov/regbonded.htm
- steps: The applicant must be a Nevada resident with the vehicle physically in Nevada, and applications go only to Title Research in Carson City (not field offices). VP 271 must be notarized or DMV-witnessed, the vehicle inspected at a DMV office or by law enforcement, and the applicant authorizes NCIC and NMVTIS searches. The DMV then issues the exact bond amount. VP 272 must carry original signatures, the corporate seal and a licensed agent's countersignature (no copies or e-signatures), and the originals are submitted by certified or registered mail. Salvage vehicles must complete rebuilt procedures before registration. A bonded title is not transferable out of state.
- names: Bonded Vehicle Title; Vehicle Bond Affidavit
- notes: Nevada ties the value to MSRP, which produces high bond amounts.
- confidence: high

### New Hampshire (NH)
URL: https://motorvehicletitlebonds.com/new-hampshire-title-bond/
- available: True
- multiplier: 1.5
- value_source: The current NADA retail value as published by the National Automobile Dealers Association (Saf-C 1924.01).
- term: 3 years; released earlier if the vehicle is no longer registered in New Hampshire and the title is surrendered; not released while an action on the bond is pending.
- statute: RSA 261:10; N.H. Code Admin. R. Saf-C 1924.01
- form: TDMV 23 Application for Certificate of Title (prepared by the town or city clerk or a dealer); TDMV 19A Verification of Vehicle Identification; written statement explaining why the bond is posted; surety bond meeting the contents listed in the rule
- agency: New Hampshire Department of Safety, Division of Motor Vehicles, Title Bureau
- agency_url: https://dmv.nh.gov/vehicles-boats-or-titles/apply-title/title-frequently-asked-questions
- steps: Security may be cash, a certified check, a bank passbook with withdrawal slip, or a surety bond, each equal to 1.5 times NADA retail. The bond document must show the surety's name and address, the amount, the vehicle description, the bond number, the liability and return terms, and the principal's and surety's names and signatures. Vehicles with a model year before 2000 (and trailers under 3,001 lbs) are exempt from titling under RSA 261:3, so bonded titles apply only to model year 2000 and newer vehicles.
- names: Title Surety Bond; Bond Requirement (RSA 261:10)
- confidence: medium-high

### New Jersey (NJ)
URL: https://motorvehicletitlebonds.com/new-jersey-title-bond/
- available: False
- statute: N.J.S.A. 39:10-11 (no bond provision); MVC Improper Evidence of Ownership Procedure (OS/SS-142)
- form: OS/SS-142 Improper Evidence of Ownership packet; DO-22 Title/Lien Search Request; OS/SS-145 Notice of Intent; OS/SS-150 Buyer's Declaration; OS/SS-UTA Universal Title Application
- agency: New Jersey Motor Vehicle Commission, Special Titles, Trenton
- agency_url: https://www.nj.gov/mvc/vehicles/improper.htm
- steps: No surety bond. New Jersey uses a notice-and-publication procedure: proof of purchase, an NMVTIS search and a certified search of the last titling state, certified-mail Notice of Intent to the owner and lienholder, a notarized Buyer's Declaration indemnifying the State, VIN photographs or tracings, newspaper publication three times over two weeks with a 10-day objection period, and the Universal Title Application with fees and sales tax. Mail-only, New Jersey residents, businesses or dealers only.
- names: Improper Evidence of Ownership Procedure
- confidence: high

### New Mexico (NM)
URL: https://motorvehicletitlebonds.com/new-mexico-title-bond/
- available: True
- multiplier: 2.0
- value_source: The statute does not specify; MVD practice uses the NADA average or retail value, with separate MVD valuation guidance for motorcycles, mobile homes and specialty vehicles.
- term: 3 years from the effective date.
- statute: NMSA 1978, § 66-3-24(C)
- form: MVD title bond (Defective Title Bond; commonly cited as MVD-10009); MVD-10861 Affidavit of VIN; title application
- agency: New Mexico Taxation and Revenue Department, Motor Vehicle Division
- agency_url: https://www.mvd.newmexico.gov/chapter-10-bonds-and-liens/
- steps: The statute sets the bond at double the value for 3 years, running to the department, subsequent purchasers, lienholders and the true owner, and applies to vehicles and boats titled under the Boat Act. The package carries proof of New Mexico residency, an MVD record search for prior owners and liens, a certified VIN inspection at an MVD office (Affidavit of VIN), the NADA valuation, the bond at twice the value, and the ownership documents (bill of sale, canceled check). Processing commonly takes 30 days or more.
- names: Defective Title Bond; Bond in Lieu of Evidence of Ownership; Bonded Title
- notes: MVD form number and value basis not verified on an official page.
- confidence: medium

### New York (NY)
URL: https://motorvehicletitlebonds.com/new-york-title-bond/
- available: True
- multiplier: 1.5
- value_source: The value of the vehicle as determined by the Commissioner of Motor Vehicles (DMV Title Services Bureau).
- term: 3 years; released earlier if the current title is surrendered to the Commissioner; not released if an action on the bond is pending or the title was surrendered to another state.
- statute: N.Y. Veh. & Traf. Law § 2105(d)
- form: MV-994 Bond Under Section 2105(d) of the NYS Vehicle and Traffic Law (completed by the insurance company, signed by the attorney-in-fact and the owner); MV-82TON Application for Title Only; MV-51 Affidavit of Sale
- agency: New York State Department of Motor Vehicles, Title Services Bureau, Albany
- agency_url: https://dmv.ny.gov/titles/apply-title-certificate-only
- steps: The Commissioner may register the vehicle and withhold the title, or require a bond; posting a bond does not oblige the DMV to issue a title. Bonded vehicle applications must be mailed to Title Services and are not handled at DMV offices. Non-titled vehicles (cars, trucks and vans of model year 1972 and older; boats 1986 and older or under 14 ft; trailers 1972 and older or 999 lbs or less) use a transferable registration and MV-51B instead of a bonded title. The DMV also describes a certified-letter and notarized-affidavit route that yields a non-transferable registration.
- names: Bond under VTL 2105(d); Bonded Vehicle
- notes: Handled case by case by Title Services; expect the DMV to set the value and decide whether a bond is accepted.
- confidence: medium-high

### North Carolina (NC)
URL: https://motorvehicletitlebonds.com/north-carolina-title-bond/
- available: True
- multiplier: 1.5
- minimum: 100
- value_source: The NCDMV Value Schedule (available at license plate agencies or from NCDMV); for mobile homes and vehicles not in the Value Schedule, 1.5 times the higher of two appraisals from different North Carolina dealers on letterhead.
- term: 3 years on file with NCDMV; effective when the new title issues and in force until surrendered by the State under G.S. 20-76.
- statute: N.C. Gen. Stat. § 20-76
- form: MVR-92A Requirements for Obtaining Title by Filing an Indemnity Bond; MVR-92D Indemnity Bond; MVR-92H Affidavit of Facts to Accompany Indemnity Bond (notarized); MVR-1 Title Application (notarized); LT-270 Inspector's Report
- agency: North Carolina Division of Motor Vehicles (NCDMV), Vehicle Titles and License and Theft Bureau
- agency_url: https://www.ncdot.gov/dmv/title-registration/special-cases/Pages/bonded-vehicles.aspx
- steps: Complete the notarized MVR-92H with all ownership evidence and lien releases first, then obtain a License and Theft Bureau inspection (LT-270); inoperable vehicles receive an Inoperable Title with no registration until deemed operable. Determine the value from the Value Schedule or two dealer appraisals, then obtain the indemnity bond from a North Carolina-licensed surety with the power of attorney attached, signed and witnessed, with no alterations. File the MVR-1 matching the bond and the LT-270, an odometer statement if under 10 years old, the title fee and Highway Use Tax. A cash bond is also accepted. Bonds are not accepted for abandoned vehicles, mechanics or storage liens, outstanding liens without cancellation, vehicles in pending litigation (death, divorce, civil suit, repossession), vehicles not domiciled in North Carolina, parts-only, non-rebuildable or junked brands, or insurer total-loss vehicles never titled to the insurer. The DMV may reject any bond.
- names: Indemnity Bond; Bonded Vehicle; Title by Filing an Indemnity Bond
- confidence: high

### North Dakota (ND)
URL: https://motorvehicletitlebonds.com/north-dakota-title-bond/
- available: False
- statute: N.D.C.C. § 39-05-20(1); N.D. Admin. Code § 37-12-04-01 (untitled vehicles); no bond provision
- form: SFN 2903 Vehicle Statement of Ownership (notarized); SFN 2888 Seller's Certificate and Bill of Sale; SFN 61999 Certificate of VIN Inspection; SFN 2872 Application for Certificate of Title and Registration
- agency: North Dakota Department of Transportation, Motor Vehicle Division, Bismarck
- agency_url: https://dot.nd.gov/sites/www/files/documents/Motor%20Vehicle%20Services/Untitled-Vehicle-Instructions.pdf
- steps: No bond. North Dakota residents only. An NMVTIS history check comes first; if any state has a title record the untitled-vehicle process cannot be used and the applicant must get the title from the last owner of record or obtain a court order awarding ownership. If there is no record: a notarized bill of sale, VIN plate and vehicle photos, the SFN 2903 statement of ownership, a VIN inspection by a registered repair business, fees and excise tax on fair market value, and an NCIC stolen check. A separate affidavit process exists for vehicles more than 40 years old.
- names: Untitled Vehicle Process; Vehicle Statement of Ownership
- confidence: high

### Ohio (OH)
URL: https://motorvehicletitlebonds.com/ohio-title-bond/
- available: False
- statute: Ohio Rev. Code § 4505.10(A) (court-ordered title); no bonded title provision in R.C. Chapter 4505
- form: County Clerk of Courts court-ordered title packets
- agency: Ohio Bureau of Motor Vehicles and County Clerk of Courts Title Offices
- agency_url: https://bmv.ohio.gov/titles-out-state.aspx
- steps: Ohio issues no bonded title. If proof of ownership is unavailable, the applicant may submit evidence to the Registrar; if it is insufficient, the applicant petitions the Court of Common Pleas for an order directing the Clerk of Courts to issue a title under R.C. 4505.10. Unclaimed-vehicle affidavits exist for tow, repair and storage situations.
- names: Court-ordered title
- confidence: high

### Oklahoma (OK)
URL: https://motorvehicletitlebonds.com/oklahoma-title-bond/
- available: False
- statute: 47 O.S. § 1105(V) (ownership affidavit); OAC 670:20-39-6; 42 O.S. § 91 et seq. (Title 42 possessory lien)
- form: Service Oklahoma ownership affidavit (issued on pre-approval)
- agency: Service Oklahoma, Motor Vehicle Division
- agency_url: https://oklahoma.gov/service/all-services/auto-vehicle/vehicle-titles.html
- steps: No surety bond title. The alternatives are (1) an ownership affidavit with Service Oklahoma pre-approval, available only when no owner or lienholder of record can be identified, with notarized proof of purchase and a physical VIN inspection; (2) the Title 42 possessory or abandoned-vehicle lien process; or (3) a district court order directing title issuance.
- names: Ownership affidavit; Title 42; court-ordered title
- confidence: medium-high

### Oregon (OR)
URL: https://motorvehicletitlebonds.com/oregon-title-bond/
- available: False
- statute: ORS 803.205 (proof of ownership; verified affidavit); no bond provision in ORS ch. 803
- form: DMV Form 735-550 Certification of Ownership Facts
- agency: Oregon DMV (ODOT Driver and Motor Vehicle Services)
- agency_url: https://www.oregon.gov/odot/dmv/docs/chapter_f.pdf
- steps: The DMV's Ownership Documents manual states that Oregon DMV does not have authority to issue a branded title for a bonded title application. Oregon accepts other states' bonded titles and issues a clean Oregon title with Form 550. Without any ownership document, the DMV requires other acceptable proof under ORS 803.205 or the customer must title in the state of origin.
- names: Certification of Ownership Facts
- confidence: high

### Pennsylvania (PA)
URL: https://motorvehicletitlebonds.com/pennsylvania-title-bond/
- available: False
- statute: 75 Pa.C.S. §§ 1104-1105 (no bond-in-lieu-of-title provision); 75 Pa.C.S. Ch. 73 (abandoned vehicles)
- form: MV-1 with a certified court order
- agency: PennDOT Bureau of Motor Vehicles
- agency_url: https://www.pa.gov/agencies/dmv/vehicle-services/title-and-registration
- steps: No bonded title. The options are a petition to the Court of Common Pleas for an order awarding ownership (PennDOT accepts the certified order with an MV-1 and fees and taxes), or the abandoned-vehicle process through the police or a salvor. A duplicate title must be requested by the owner of record.
- names: Court-ordered title
- notes: Third-party claims of an MV-353 bonded title form are wrong; MV-353 is a dealer plate form.
- confidence: medium-high

### Rhode Island (RI)
URL: https://motorvehicletitlebonds.com/rhode-island-title-bond/
- available: True
- multiplier: 1.5
- value_source: The value as determined by the Division of Motor Vehicles.
- term: 3 years; released earlier if the vehicle is no longer registered in Rhode Island and the current title is surrendered; retained if a recovery action is pending.
- statute: R.I. Gen. Laws § 31-3.1-9
- form: Title bond in the form prescribed by the Division, filed with the Application for Title (TR-2)
- agency: Rhode Island Division of Motor Vehicles
- agency_url: https://dmv.ri.gov/forms/title-forms
- steps: The DMV may register the vehicle and either withhold the title until documentation is produced or require a bond (a cash deposit or a Rhode Island-authorized surety). The bond indemnifies prior owners, lienholders, subsequent purchasers and secured parties including attorney fees, with the surety's aggregate liability capped at the bond amount. Rhode Island titles only model year 2001 and newer vehicles; 2000 and older vehicles receive a title law letter instead, so bonded titles apply only to 2001 and newer vehicles.
- names: Title Bond; Bonded Title
- confidence: medium

### South Carolina (SC)
URL: https://motorvehicletitlebonds.com/south-carolina-title-bond/
- available: False
- statute: S.C. Code Title 56, Ch. 19 contains no bond-in-lieu-of-ownership provision
- form: SCDMV Form TI-021A Affidavit of Ownership for a Motor Vehicle or Mobile Home; TI-021B inspection; Form 400
- agency: South Carolina Department of Motor Vehicles
- agency_url: https://dmv.sc.gov/vehicle-owners/titles
- steps: No surety bond. The applicant files the TI-021A sworn statement of how, where and when the vehicle was acquired, with odometer and lien information and an indemnification of SCDMV, photographs of all four sides, an SCDMV or law enforcement inspection on TI-021B, the title fee plus infrastructure maintenance fee or sales tax. Mobile homes need a county treasurer tax letter plus seven years of tax or insurance records.
- names: Affidavit of Ownership
- confidence: medium-high

### South Dakota (SD)
URL: https://motorvehicletitlebonds.com/south-dakota-title-bond/
- available: True
- multiplier: 1.5
- value_source: The Motor Vehicle Division determines the current value from the submitted information and photos (it may require an MVD agent inspection) and issues a Vehicle Valuation for Surety Bond form.
- term: 3 years from title issuance (released on application if no claim; earlier if the valid title is surrendered); the request lapses if the title is not completed within 24 months.
- statute: SDCL § 32-3-64.1
- form: Bonded Title Request Form 1203; Bonded Title Release Form 1205; Application for Motor Vehicle and Boat Title and Registration Form 1001; MVD Vehicle Valuation for Surety Bond
- agency: South Dakota Department of Revenue, Motor Vehicle Division (through the county treasurers)
- agency_url: https://dor.sd.gov/individuals/motor-vehicle/all-vehicles-title-fees-registration/#bonded
- steps: Only for vehicles 30 or more years old with no record on file and no bill of sale. Submit Form 1203, the $2 record search fee, photos and an affidavit of how the vehicle was acquired to the MVD in Pierre; the MVD runs a nationwide title search and an NCIC check. If there is no record, the MVD values the vehicle and returns the valuation form; the applicant buys a bond of at least 1.5 times the value from a surety licensed in South Dakota and files Form 1001 with the documents and fees at the county treasurer within 24 months. The title carries a bond disclaimer and the department recalls the title if the affidavit is false.
- names: Bonded Title
- notes: No bonded title route exists for vehicles under 30 years old.
- confidence: high

### Tennessee (TN)
URL: https://motorvehicletitlebonds.com/tennessee-title-bond/
- available: True
- multiplier: 1.5
- value_threshold: 3000
- value_source: The applicant establishes fair market value with a bill of sale, a licensed dealer's written appraisal, or online guides (KBB, NADA/J.D. Power), subject to Department review.
- term: 3 years on file; released at 3 years or earlier if the vehicle is no longer registered in Tennessee and the title is surrendered; not released if an action is pending.
- statute: Tenn. Code Ann. § 55-3-103(b); Tenn. Comp. R. & Regs. ch. 1320-08-09
- form: RV-F1313201 Surety Bond Application; Tennessee Corporate Surety Bond form (Department-prescribed); Certification of Ownership (for exempt vehicles); county clerk Multi-purpose Application
- agency: Tennessee Department of Revenue, Vehicle Services Division, Special Investigations (Suretybond.title@tn.gov)
- agency_url: https://revenue.support.tn.gov/hc/en-us/articles/360060121912-VT-12-The-Surety-Bond-Process
- steps: A bond is required only if the fair market value exceeds $3,000 and the vehicle is less than 30 years old; otherwise the applicant files a Certification of Ownership with no bond. Tennessee residents (or a Tennessee office address) only, with two proofs of residency. The bond may be a corporate bond (state-approved surety, attorney-in-fact signature, seal and original power of attorney) or a personal bond with two Tennessee landowner sureties. The package is emailed to the Department, which checks stolen-vehicle reports and issues an approval letter; the applicant then titles at the county clerk. Covers cars, trucks, motorcycles, trailers, campers, golf carts and unaffixed mobile homes.
- names: Surety Bond Title; Certificate of Title Surety Bond
- confidence: high

### Texas (TX)
URL: https://motorvehicletitlebonds.com/texas-title-bond/
- available: True
- multiplier: 1.5
- value_source: TxDMV uses the Standard Presumptive Value first; if none, a national reference guide; if neither, an appraisal on Form VTR-125 by a Texas-licensed dealer or insurance adjuster dated within 30 days. Vehicles 25 or more years old may use an appraisal; if appraised under $4,000 the bond is computed on $4,000. Trailers may use fixed values of $4,000 (under 20 ft) or $7,000 (20 ft and over).
- term: 3 years from the bond's effective date; the bond must be filed with the county within 30 days of issuance and the Notice of Determination is valid for 1 year.
- statute: Tex. Transp. Code § 501.053; 43 Tex. Admin. Code § 217.9
- form: VTR-130-SOF Bonded Title Application or Tax Collector Hearing Statement of Fact; VTR-130-SB Bonded Title Surety Bond; VTR-130-ND Notice of Determination; VTR-125 Motor Vehicle Appraisal; VTR-68-A Law Enforcement VIN Inspection; Form 130-U
- agency: Texas Department of Motor Vehicles (Regional Service Centers) and County Tax Assessor-Collectors
- agency_url: https://www.txdmv.gov/motorists/buying-or-selling-a-vehicle/get-a-copy-of-your-title
- steps: The applicant must be a Texas resident or military stationed in Texas and have possession of a complete vehicle (motor, body and frame). The $15 application goes to a TxDMV Regional Service Center, which issues a Notice of Determination stating the bond amount; the bond and Form 130-U then go to the county tax office. No lien may be outstanding unless it is 10 or more years old or released. A VTR-68-A law enforcement VIN inspection is required if there is no Texas record. Salvage and nonrepairable vehicles are excluded, and assembled vehicles need an ASE inspection. The surety must be authorized in Texas.
- names: Bonded Title; Bonded Title Surety Bond; Certificate of Title Surety Bond
- notes: The $4,000 floor applies to 25-plus-year-old vehicles valued by appraisal and to trailer fixed values.
- confidence: high

### Utah (UT)
URL: https://motorvehicletitlebonds.com/utah-title-bond/
- available: True
- multiplier: 2.0
- value_threshold: 3000
- value_source: The Utah DMV (Tax Commission) determines fair market value from photographs, repair orders and the ownership statement; the applicant must prove a value under $3,000 to avoid the bond.
- term: The TC-824 bond form runs 7 years from the date of execution.
- statute: Utah Admin. Code R873-22M-2(10); Utah Code Title 41, Ch. 1a
- form: TC-824 Insufficient Evidence of Ownership (Defective Title) Surety Bond; TC-569A Ownership Statement; TC-656 Application for Utah Title; TC-661 Certificate of Inspection
- agency: Utah State Tax Commission, Division of Motor Vehicles (Vehicle Compliance Services)
- agency_url: https://dmv.utah.gov/titles-overview/transfer-without-title
- steps: The vehicle must be located in Utah. Submit photographs of all sides inside and out, the TC-569A ownership statement (why there is no title, how the vehicle was acquired, liens and condition), a VIN inspection (TC-661 unless Utah-registered), bills of sale and the TC-656, by mail or email to Vehicle Compliance. The DMV may require a TC-824 bond of twice the fair market value when the value exceeds $3,000, and notifies the applicant. Covers cars, trucks, motorcycles, ATVs, watercraft, trailers and unaffixed mobile homes. Dealers, storage operators and lienholders must first run the 30-day certified-letter process, and out-of-state vehicles are ineligible.
- names: Insufficient Evidence of Ownership Bond; Defective Title Bond
- notes: The threshold and term should be re-confirmed with Vehicle Compliance.
- confidence: medium-high

### Vermont (VT)
URL: https://motorvehicletitlebonds.com/vermont-title-bond/
- available: True
- multiplier: 1.5
- value_source: The J.D. Power (NADA) average trade-in value as determined by the Commissioner (DMV Vehicle Tax Estimator).
- term: 3 years; released earlier if the vehicle is no longer registered in Vermont and the title is surrendered; held if an action is pending; the title converts to a clean title after 3 years.
- statute: 23 V.S.A. § 2020; 23 V.S.A. § 3813 (snowmobiles)
- form: VT-020 Title Bond; VD-119 Registration, Tax and Title Application; VT-010 Verification of VIN/HIN
- agency: Vermont Department of Motor Vehicles
- agency_url: https://dmv.vermont.gov/tax-title/vehicle-title/bonded-title
- steps: Vermont residents only; the statute bars issuance to nonresidents. The applicant must document reasonable attempts to obtain the title (prior owner, issuing state DMV, lienholder) and provide the issuing state's written confirmation that the title is unavailable. The surety completes both sides of the VT-020 with no alterations; the applicant submits the VD-119, the VT-010 VIN verification, ownership evidence (bill of sale, old registrations) and fees and tax. Covers vehicles, trailers, vessels, snowmobiles and ATVs. The title carries a bonded brand, and the DMV may reject with a written reason.
- names: Bonded Title; Title Bond (VT-020)
- confidence: high

### Virginia (VA)
URL: https://motorvehicletitlebonds.com/virginia-title-bond/
- available: False
- statute: Va. Code §§ 46.2-632 and 46.2-621.1; no bond-in-lieu-of-ownership provision in Title 46.2, Ch. 6, Art. 2
- form: VSA 12 Application in Lieu of Title Certificate (notarized, with owner indemnification of DMV), with VSA 17A
- agency: Virginia Department of Motor Vehicles (Titling Work Center)
- agency_url: https://www.dmv.virginia.gov/vehicles/title
- steps: No surety bond. The owner certifies under penalty of perjury why the title is unavailable, the efforts made to obtain it, and the chain of ownership, and submits the VSA 12 and VSA 17A with fees and sales and use tax; the DMV investigates. Separate abandoned-vehicle and mechanic's and storage lien processes exist.
- names: Application in Lieu of Title Certificate
- confidence: medium-high

### Washington (WA)
URL: https://motorvehicletitlebonds.com/washington-title-bond/
- available: True
- multiplier: 1.5
- value_source: The value as determined by the Department of Licensing using its automated valuing system, a published appraisal guide, a licensed dealer or appraisal company appraisal on letterhead, the insured amount, the purchase price plus documented repairs, or another DOL-approved source.
- term: 3 years (the ownership-in-doubt period); released after 3 years, or if the vehicle is no longer registered in Washington and the title is surrendered, unless an action is pending. The bond must be submitted within 6 months of issue, and a clean title reissues after 3 years.
- statute: RCW 46.12.680; WAC 308-56A-210
- form: TD-420-054 Vehicle Ownership Bond; Bonded Title / Three-Year Registration Without Title Affidavit; application for certificate of title
- agency: Washington State Department of Licensing (through county auditors and vehicle licensing offices)
- agency_url: https://dol.wa.gov/media/2397
- steps: An applicant without satisfactory ownership evidence may choose a three-year registration without title, a bonded title, or a court judgment. A bond is mandatory if the applicant is a Washington licensed dealer or a lien appears on the Washington record. Requirements: certified letters to the owners of record with return receipts, an affidavit signed by all owners, a Washington State Patrol VIN inspection unless exempt (mopeds, trailers under 2,000 lbs, older travel trailers and campers, mobile homes), VIN verified before the bond is issued, and the title marked BONDED. Excluded: abandoned or unauthorized vehicles, snowmobiles and Washington dealer sales. The vehicle must have been acquired from the owner of record or an interim owner.
- names: Ownership in Doubt; Bonded Title; Vehicle Ownership Bond
- confidence: high

### West Virginia (WV)
URL: https://motorvehicletitlebonds.com/west-virginia-title-bond/
- available: False
- statute: W. Va. Code § 17A-3-12 (title issues when the commissioner is satisfied as to ownership); no bond-in-lieu-of-ownership provision located
- form: DMV-1-TR Application for Certificate of Title
- agency: West Virginia Division of Motor Vehicles
- agency_url: https://transportation.wv.gov/DMV
- steps: No West Virginia statute, rule or DMV form establishing a bonded title was located; the DMV's published surety bond forms are all business-license bonds. The routes are DMV review of ownership evidence, the abandoned-vehicle process, or a court order.
- notes: Treated as not available pending direct confirmation from the WV DMV Title Section.
- confidence: low

### Wisconsin (WI)
URL: https://motorvehicletitlebonds.com/wisconsin-title-bond/
- available: True
- multiplier: 1.5
- minimum: 2500
- value_source: WisDOT sets the bond amount after reviewing the application and researching records, using price guides; the applicant may substitute an independent impartial appraisal.
- term: 5 years from the title issue date (BOND POSTED brand), or earlier if the prior title or a complete chain of ownership is surrendered; the surety may not change the terms during the period and the bond must stay in force if the vehicle is sold.
- statute: Wis. Stat. § 342.12(3)(b)
- form: MV2082 Application for a Bonded Certificate of Title to a Vehicle; MV1 Wisconsin Title and License Plate Application; MV2896 Vehicle/Driver Record Information Request
- agency: Wisconsin Department of Transportation, Division of Motor Vehicles
- agency_url: https://wisconsindot.gov/Pages/dmv/vehicles/title-plates/surety-bond.aspx
- steps: The applicant first tries to rebuild the chain of ownership (prior owner signatures and bills of sale; an MV2896 record request if eligible), then submits the MV2082 and MV1 with fees. WisDOT researches Wisconsin and other-jurisdiction records, determines the bond amount and sends a letter requesting the bond; on receipt WisDOT issues a branded title. The vehicle must include a recognizable body or chassis portion bearing the VIN. The policy minimum bond is $2,500, and sales tax is based on the purchase price, not the bond amount.
- names: Surety Bonded Title; Bonded Certificate of Title; BOND POSTED brand
- confidence: high

### Wyoming (WY)
URL: https://motorvehicletitlebonds.com/wyoming-title-bond/
- available: True
- multiplier: 2.0
- value_threshold: 2500
- value_source: The applicant documents retail value with a current national appraisal guide (KBB, NADA), a current or past registration showing value, or a written statement certified by a licensed Wyoming dealer, reviewed by the county clerk.
- term: The bond stays in force until released; sureties customarily write the Wyoming bond for three years.
- statute: Wyo. Stat. § 31-2-105
- form: MV-147 Affidavit of Vehicle Ownership; Bond for Certificate of Title; MV-220 Title Search; MV-300A VIN/HIN Inspection
- agency: Wyoming County Clerks (title issuers) and WYDOT Motor Vehicle Services
- agency_url: https://www.washakiecountywy.gov/DocumentCenter/View/440/Bonded-Title-Information-and-Form-PDF
- steps: The process runs through the county clerk: a Wyoming law enforcement VIN or HIN inspection (MV-300A) with a stolen check; a WYDOT title search (MV-220) with a privacy release and a color photo; certified letters with return receipt to the prior owner and any lienholders (lien releases on letterhead); documentation of retail value; the sworn MV-147 affidavit; and the surety bond for twice the value. No bond is required if the vehicle or watercraft is valued under $2,500, and the county clerk may waive the bond. Covers vehicles and watercraft; non-operational restoration vehicles receive a title marked non-transferable for 180 days.
- names: Bonded Title; Bond for Certificate of Title
- confidence: medium-high